Given an unsorted integer array nums, find the smallest missing positive integer.
Example 1:
Input: nums = [1,2,0]
Output: 3
Example 2:
Input: nums = [3,4,-1,1]
Output: 2
Example 3:
Input: nums = [7,8,9,11,12]
Output: 1
Constraints:
-
1 <= nums.length <= 300
-
-231 <= nums[i] <= 231 - 1
-
Follow up: Could you implement an algorithm that runs in O(n) time and uses constant extra space?
public class Solution {
public int firstMissingPositive(int[] nums) {
int n = nums.length;
// 1. mark numbers (num < 0) and (num > n) with a special marker number (n+1)
// (we can ignore those because if all number are > n then we'll simply return 1)
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if (nums[i] <= 0 || nums[i] > n) {
nums[i] = n + 1;
}
}
// note: all number in the array are now positive, and on the range 1..n+1
// 2. mark each cell appearing in the array, by converting the index for that number to negative
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
int num = Math.abs(nums[i]);
if (num > n) {
continue;
}
num--; // -1 for zero index based array (so the number 1 will be at pos 0)
if (nums[num] > 0) { // prevents double negative operations
nums[num] = -1 * nums[num];
}
}
// 3. find the first cell which isn't negative (doesn't appear in the array)
for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if (nums[i] >= 0) {
return i + 1;
}
}
// 4. no positive numbers were found, which means the array contains all numbers 1..n
return n + 1;
}
}