Adds additional machine details to query_config

[jasonb5]

Adds --compiler argument to query_config. This argument should
be used when querying a specific machine e.g. --machines frontier.

When specified, modules and environment_variables that match the
compiler will be printed. Additional requirements e.g. DEBUG="TRUE"
will be printed above sections that require them. Additionally for
environment_variables there is an attempt to resolve any CIME specific
templates e.g. $ENV{HOME}.

Test suite:
Test baseline: n/a
Test namelist changes: n/a
Test status: n/a

Fixes #4743
User interface changes?:
Update gh-pages html (Y/N)?:

[rljacob]

Why are these container changes part of this?

[jasonb5]

Ah yea I'll pull that out and make a separate PR. It's some additional dev stuff for anyone using vscode to simplify running/testing in a container locally. @jedwards4b @jgfouca Any issue if I add this in a different PR? It doesn't affect anything unless you're using vscode.

[jgfouca]

I actually don't care if you keep it in this PR as long as we understand why it's there and you add it to the description.

[jasonb5]

Probably best to pull it out of this PR. I'll be making a more testing focused PR soon, it'll fit in better there and I can provide a full explanation.

[rljacob]

I tried "./query_config --machines chrysalis --compiler intel" and it looks good!

"./query-config --machines" is a valid input. People might try "./query-config --machines --compiler intel" but I think we should restrict "--compiler" to specific machines. Current it gives a python error:

[jacob@chrlogin2 scripts]$ ./query_config --machines --compiler intel
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/gpfs/fs1/home/jacob/E3SM2/cime/scripts/./query_config", line 19, in <module>
    _main_func()
  File "/gpfs/fs1/home/jacob/E3SM2/cime/CIME/scripts/query_config.py", line 31, in _main_func
    kwargs = parse_command_line(description)
             ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
  File "/gpfs/fs1/home/jacob/E3SM2/cime/CIME/scripts/query_config.py", line 144, in parse_command_line
    raise Exception(
Exception: The --compiler argument must be used when specifying a machine with --machines <name>
Exit 1

[jgfouca]

Looks good! I think we just need to answer Rob's question and then we can merge.

[rljacob]

@jasonb5 did you also see #4759 (comment) ?

[jasonb5]

@rljacob Just need to make sure I fully understand the change you'd like to see; there should be a error message rather than the exception when a user provides --compiler ... with --machines, where no specific machine is specified?

[rljacob]

Yes there should be an error message in that case.

[jasonb5]

@rljacob Changed the behavior, now it will print the usage with this error message The --compiler argument must be used when specifying a machine with --machines <name>.