CI: (asv) Adopt new asv template to fix build issues from removed setup.py file

[EdmundGoodman]

#4147 removed the setup.py file. This broke the asv configuration for environment builds.

This PR adopts the most recent ASV quickstart template which describes how to build from pyproject.toml, and uses this to fix asv environment builds.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 88.94%. Comparing base (d328e21) to head (ed0ce1a).
Report is 26 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main    #4208   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   88.94%   88.94%           
=======================================
  Files         325      325           
  Lines       44455    44455           
  Branches     5476     5476           
=======================================
  Hits        39540    39540           
  Misses       3567     3567           
  Partials     1348     1348           

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